KUNAZ

科学来源

Kunaz 不是医疗器械,不提供医疗建议。所显示的所有数值均为基于人群平均值的估算;涉及个人健康的决定,请咨询你的医生或营养师。

本应用中每一项与健康相关的计算都基于已发表的科学来源。下面可以看到每项计算所使用的来源,点按来源即可打开原始出版物。

能量与热量

  1. 基础代谢率(BMR),即你每日热量需求的基础Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(2):241-247.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2305711/
  2. 日常生活活动(NEAT)与每日总能量消耗FAO/WHO/UNU. Human Energy Requirements: Report of a Joint Expert Consultation. Rome, 2004. (Physical activity level, PAL factors)https://www.fao.org/4/y5686e/y5686e00.htm
  3. 活动消耗的热量,kcal = MET × 体重 × 时长Ainsworth BE et al. 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(8):1575-1581.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21681120/
  4. 各类活动的 MET 系数表Compendium of Physical Activities, current online table.https://pacompendium.com

身体成分

  1. 体脂率估算(未输入测量值时的初始值)Deurenberg P, Weststrate JA, Seidell JC. Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: age- and sex-specific prediction formulas. Br J Nutr. 1991;65(2):105-114.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2043597/
  2. 脂肪减少估算,假设 1 kg 脂肪 ≈ 7,700 kcalWishnofsky M. Caloric equivalents of gained or lost weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 1958;6(5):542-546. (A simplified approximation, used for short-term estimates.)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13594881/

营养参考值

  1. 维生素、矿物质及营养素的每日参考值U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels.https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels
  2. 膳食纤维目标(每 1000 kcal 14 g)、欧米伽-3 / 欧米伽-6 适宜摄入量以及宏量营养素参考值Institute of Medicine (NASEM). Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington DC, 2005.https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10490/
  3. 每日饱和脂肪和反式脂肪的上限(根据你的每日热量目标计算)World Health Organization (WHO). Saturated fatty acid and trans-fatty acid intake for adults and children: WHO guideline. Geneva, 2023. Saturated fat below 10% of total energy, trans fat below 1%.https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073630
  4. 每日糖和添加糖的上限(根据你的每日热量目标计算)World Health Organization (WHO). Guideline: Sugars intake for adults and children. Geneva, 2015. Free sugars below 10% of total energy.https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241549028
  5. 每日蛋白质目标(约 1.8-2.0 g/kg)Jäger R et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:20.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28642676/
  6. 每日盐和钠的摄入上限World Health Organization (WHO), Salt reduction fact sheet (recommends less than 5 g of salt per day).https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/salt-reduction
  7. 每日饮水目标European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Dietary Reference Values for water. (Kunaz also uses the common clinical ~35 ml/kg approach as a starting value.)https://multimedia.efsa.europa.eu/drvs/index.htm

食物健康评分(0-100)

  1. 食物显示的 0-100 健康评分及颜色区间(绿/黄/红),基于 Nutri-Score 2023 营养素分析模型Merz B, Temme E, Alexiou H, et al. Nutri-Score 2023 update. Nat Food. 2024;5:102-110.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38356074/
  2. Nutri-Score 所依据的营养素分析模型(负分/正分逻辑)Public Health England / Food Standards Agency. Nutrient Profiling Technical Guidance (the Ofcom model).https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-nutrient-profiling-model

运动评分和训练计划中的性别差异

  1. 女性和男性评分不同的原因:上半身力量的差异明显大于下半身,因此负荷无法调整的自重上半身动作(引体向上、双杠臂屈伸、俯卧撑)平均难度不同Miller AE, MacDougall JD, Tarnopolsky MA, Sale DG. Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1993;66(3):254-262.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8477683/
  2. 在包含跳跃和落地的动作中,女性膝关节韧带损伤更为常见Arendt E, Dick R. Knee injury patterns among men and women in collegiate basketball and soccer. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(6):694-701.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8600737/
  3. 对同一差异的最新综述(前交叉韧带损伤风险的荟萃分析)Montalvo AM, Schneider DK, Yut L, Webster KE, et al. "What’s my risk of sustaining an ACL injury while playing sports?" A systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(16):1003-1012.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29514822/
  4. 训练计划生成器为何对女性和男性预期不同的肌肉分布:女性与男性之间的肌肉量差异在上半身比在下半身更大,因此女性的手臂平均在全身肌肉中所占的比例更小Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Wang ZM, Ross R. Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18-88 yr. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89(1):81-88.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10904038/
  5. 女性组间休息为何略短:在相近的相对强度下,女性平均更晚出现疲劳;由于差异因任务而异,所采用的差异保持得较小Hunter SK. Sex differences in human fatigability: mechanisms and insight to physiological responses. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2014;210(4):768-789.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24433272/

睡眠

  1. 理想睡眠时长范围(7-9 小时)Watson NF et al. Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: A Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Sleep. 2015;38(6):843-844.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26039963/

Kunaz 猜年龄

  1. 活动门槛:每周至少 150 分钟中等强度活动World Health Organization (WHO), Physical activity fact sheet.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
  2. 睡眠区间:成年人 7 至 9 小时Hirshkowitz M et al. National Sleep Foundation sleep time duration recommendations. Sleep Health. 2015. (PMID 26039963)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26039963/

建模假设(非来自文献)

来源最近审阅于 2026年8月22日。

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